在前端开发过程中,经常需要处理异常情况,比如 API 请求失败、用户输入错误等等。数据 Either 是一种流行的编程概念,它提供了一种方式来管理这些异常情况。
@pedromsilva/data-either 是一个提供了数据 Either 功能的 npm 包。本文将为大家介绍如何使用该包来处理异常情况。
安装
安装 @pedromsilva/data-either,可以在终端中输入以下命令:
npm install @pedromsilva/data-either --save
使用
创建 Either 实例
首先,我们需要创建 Either 实例来表示成功和失败的结果。以下是创建 Either 实例的示例代码:
import { Either } from '@pedromsilva/data-either' const success = Either.of('Success!') const failure = Either.left('Oops!')
在上面的代码中,我们使用 Either.of 来创建成功结果的 Either 实例,使用 Either.left 来创建失败结果的 Either 实例。
对 Either 进行操作
Once we have our Either instance, we can operate on it using map and flatMap methods.
import { Either } from '@pedromsilva/data-either' const add = x => y => x + y const success = Either.of(3).map(add(5)) const failure = Either.left('Error').map(add(5)) console.log(success) // Either { _value: 8 } console.log(failure) // Either { _value: 'Error' }
In the above code, we create a function add
that takes two arguments and returns their sum. We then use the map
method to apply add(5)
function to a successful Either instance with a value of 3. We also apply map
to a failure Either instance with an error message. In both cases, map
operation returns a new Either instance with a transformed value.
We can also apply multiple map
operations sequentially to transform the value inside the Either instance:
-- -------------------- ---- ------- ------ - ------ - ---- -------------------------- ----- -------- - - -- - -- - - - ----- --- - - -- - -- - - - ----- ------- - ------------ ----------------- ------------ -------------------- -- ------ - ------- -- -
In this code, we apply multiply(3)
function to an Either instance with a value of 2, then apply add(5)
to the result. The final value inside the Either instance is 11.
We can also apply flatMap
method to compose functions that return Either instances:
-- -------------------- ---- ------- ------ - ------ - ---- -------------------------- ----- ------ - - -- ----------- - -- ----- --- - - -- - -- - - - ----- ------- - ------------ ---------------- ------------ -------------------- -- ------ - ------- -- -
In this code, we create a function double
that returns an Either instance with a value twice as big as its argument. We then use flatMap
method to apply this function to an Either instance with a value of 3, resulting in a new Either instance with a value of 6. We finally apply add(5)
to this result, giving us an Either instance with a final value of 11.
取出 Either 实例的值
当我们想要获取 Either 实例中存储的值时,可以使用 get
方法。如果 Either 实例是成功的,该方法将返回实际的值,并抛出一个错误,如果 Either 实例是失败的。
import { Either } from '@pedromsilva/data-either' const success = Either.of('Hello!') const failure = Either.left('Oops!') console.log(success.get()) // Hello! console.log(failure.get()) // throws an error
把 Either 转换成 Promise
如果我们想把 Either 转换成 Promise,可以使用 toPromise
方法。
-- -------------------- ---- ------- ------ - ------ - ---- -------------------------- ----- ------- - ------------------- ----- ------- - -------------------- ------------------- ----------- -- ------------------- -- ------ ------------ -- ------------------- ------------------- ----------- -- ------------------- ------------ -- ------------------- -- -----
In the above code, we use toPromise
method to convert Either instances to Promises. We then use Promise's then
method to extract the value from successful promises and catch
method to handle errors.
结论
@pedromsilva/data-either 包提供了一种通用的方法,用于处理 JavaScript 中的异常情况。本文介绍了该包的基本用法,如何创建、操作以及取出 Either 实例。希望本文可以帮助读者更好地理解 Either 的工作原理,并为未来的项目提供参考。
参考
来源:JavaScript中文网 ,转载请注明来源 https://www.javascriptcn.com/post/60065b46c6eb7e50355dbef9