Material Design 实现复选框列表的详细教程

复选框列表是前端开发中常用的功能之一，而 Material Design 是 Google 推出的一套设计语言，它强调纸片、阴影和动画等元素，使得界面更加美观、易用。本文将介绍如何使用 Material Design 实现复选框列表，包括 HTML、CSS 和 JavaScript 的实现细节。同时，本文还提供了示例代码，供读者参考。

HTML 结构

首先，我们需要在 HTML 中定义一个列表，用来展示复选框选项。HTML 中的结构如下：

// javascriptcn.com 代码示例
<ul class="mdc-list">
  <li class="mdc-list-item">
    <span class="mdc-list-item__ripple"></span>
    <span class="mdc-list-item__text">选项1</span>
    <div class="mdc-checkbox">
      <input type="checkbox" class="mdc-checkbox__native-control" id="checkbox-1" />
      <div class="mdc-checkbox__background">
        <svg class="mdc-checkbox__checkmark" viewBox="0 0 24 24">
          <path class="mdc-checkbox__checkmark__path" fill="none" d="M1.73,12.91 8.1,19.28 22.79,4.59" />
        </svg>
        <div class="mdc-checkbox__mixedmark"></div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </li>
  <li class="mdc-list-item">
    <span class="mdc-list-item__ripple"></span>
    <span class="mdc-list-item__text">选项2</span>
    <div class="mdc-checkbox">
      <input type="checkbox" class="mdc-checkbox__native-control" id="checkbox-2" />
      <div class="mdc-checkbox__background">
        <svg class="mdc-checkbox__checkmark" viewBox="0 0 24 24">
          <path class="mdc-checkbox__checkmark__path" fill="none" d="M1.73,12.91 8.1,19.28 22.79,4.59" />
        </svg>
        <div class="mdc-checkbox__mixedmark"></div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </li>
  <li class="mdc-list-item">
    <span class="mdc-list-item__ripple"></span>
    <span class="mdc-list-item__text">选项3</span>
    <div class="mdc-checkbox">
      <input type="checkbox" class="mdc-checkbox__native-control" id="checkbox-3" />
      <div class="mdc-checkbox__background">
        <svg class="mdc-checkbox__checkmark" viewBox="0 0 24 24">
          <path class="mdc-checkbox__checkmark__path" fill="none" d="M1.73,12.91 8.1,19.28 22.79,4.59" />
        </svg>
        <div class="mdc-checkbox__mixedmark"></div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </li>
</ul>

以上代码定义了一个 ul 元素，其中每个 li 元素都包含了一个复选框和一个文本标签。复选框使用了 Material Design 提供的样式，包括 mdc-checkbox 和 mdc-checkbox__background。同时，为了实现点击效果，我们还需要添加 mdc-list-item__ripple 类。

CSS 样式

接下来，我们需要为复选框列表添加一些 CSS 样式，以使其更加美观和易用。CSS 样式如下：

// javascriptcn.com 代码示例
.mdc-list {
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

.mdc-list-item {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  cursor: pointer;
  height: 48px;
  padding: 0 16px;
}

.mdc-list-item__ripple {
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  top: 0;
  right: 0;
  bottom: 0;
  border-radius: 50%;
  opacity: 0;
  pointer-events: none;
  transform: scale(0);
  transition: opacity 15ms linear, transform 300ms cubic-bezier(0, 0, 0.2, 1);
  background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
}

.mdc-list-item__ripple.mdc-ripple-upgraded {
  opacity: 0.16;
  transform: scale(1);
}

.mdc-list-item__text {
  flex: 1;
}

.mdc-checkbox {
  position: relative;
  display: inline-block;
  width: 18px;
  height: 18px;
  vertical-align: middle;
}

.mdc-checkbox__native-control {
  position: absolute;
  left: -9999px;
}

.mdc-checkbox__background {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  border: 2px solid #000;
  border-radius: 2px;
  background-color: #fff;
}

.mdc-checkbox__mixedmark {
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  left: 50%;
  transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
  width: 12px;
  height: 12px;
  border: 2px solid #000;
  border-radius: 2px;
  background-color: #000;
  opacity: 0;
  transition: opacity 150ms linear;
}

.mdc-checkbox__native-control:checked + .mdc-checkbox__background {
  background-color: #000;
  border-color: #000;
}

.mdc-checkbox__native-control:checked + .mdc-checkbox__background .mdc-checkbox__checkmark {
  stroke-dashoffset: 0;
}

.mdc-checkbox__native-control:checked + .mdc-checkbox__background .mdc-checkbox__mixedmark {
  opacity: 1;
}

.mdc-checkbox__checkmark {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  fill: none;
  stroke: #fff;
  stroke-width: 2;
  stroke-linecap: round;
  stroke-linejoin: round;
  stroke-dasharray: 24;
  stroke-dashoffset: 24;
  transition: stroke-dashoffset 150ms linear;
}

以上代码实现了复选框列表的样式，包括列表项、文本标签和复选框的样式。特别地，我们使用了 mdc-ripple 类实现了点击效果，同时使用了 mdc-checkbox 类实现了复选框的样式。

JavaScript 交互

最后，我们需要使用 JavaScript 实现复选框列表的交互功能，包括复选框的选中和取消选中。JavaScript 代码如下：

const checkboxes = document.querySelectorAll('.mdc-checkbox__native-control');

for (let i = 0; i < checkboxes.length; i++) {
  checkboxes[i].addEventListener('change', function(event) {
    const listItem = event.target.closest('.mdc-list-item');
    listItem.classList.toggle('mdc-list-item--selected');
  });
}

以上代码使用了 querySelectorAll 方法选中了所有的复选框元素，然后使用 addEventListener 方法为每个复选框添加了一个 change 事件监听器。当复选框的选中状态发生变化时，我们使用 closest 方法找到最近的列表项元素，然后使用 classList 对其进行样式的切换。

示例代码

最后，我们将以上所有的 HTML、CSS 和 JavaScript 代码整合到一起，形成一个完整的示例。读者可以将其复制到本地环境中，进行调试和学习。

// javascriptcn.com 代码示例
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title>Material Design 复选框列表</title>
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:300,400,500">
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/icon?family=Material+Icons">
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@material/list@3.2.0/dist/mdc.list.min.css">
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@material/ripple@3.2.0/dist/mdc.ripple.min.css">
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@material/checkbox@3.2.0/dist/mdc.checkbox.min.css">
  <style>
    .mdc-list {
      padding: 0;
      margin: 0;
      list-style: none;
    }

    .mdc-list-item {
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      cursor: pointer;
      height: 48px;
      padding: 0 16px;
    }

    .mdc-list-item__ripple {
      position: absolute;
      left: 0;
      top: 0;
      right: 0;
      bottom: 0;
      border-radius: 50%;
      opacity: 0;
      pointer-events: none;
      transform: scale(0);
      transition: opacity 15ms linear, transform 300ms cubic-bezier(0, 0, 0.2, 1);
      background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
    }

    .mdc-list-item__ripple.mdc-ripple-upgraded {
      opacity: 0.16;
      transform: scale(1);
    }

    .mdc-list-item__text {
      flex: 1;
    }

    .mdc-checkbox {
      position: relative;
      display: inline-block;
      width: 18px;
      height: 18px;
      vertical-align: middle;
    }

    .mdc-checkbox__native-control {
      position: absolute;
      left: -9999px;
    }

    .mdc-checkbox__background {
      position: absolute;
      top: 0;
      left: 0;
      width: 100%;
      height: 100%;
      border: 2px solid #000;
      border-radius: 2px;
      background-color: #fff;
    }

    .mdc-checkbox__mixedmark {
      position: absolute;
      top: 50%;
      left: 50%;
      transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
      width: 12px;
      height: 12px;
      border: 2px solid #000;
      border-radius: 2px;
      background-color: #000;
      opacity: 0;
      transition: opacity 150ms linear;
    }

    .mdc-checkbox__native-control:checked + .mdc-checkbox__background {
      background-color: #000;
      border-color: #000;
    }

    .mdc-checkbox__native-control:checked + .mdc-checkbox__background .mdc-checkbox__checkmark {
      stroke-dashoffset: 0;
    }

    .mdc-checkbox__native-control:checked + .mdc-checkbox__background .mdc-checkbox__mixedmark {
      opacity: 1;
    }

    .mdc-checkbox__checkmark {
      position: absolute;
      top: 0;
      left: 0;
      width: 100%;
      height: 100%;
      fill: none;
      stroke: #fff;
      stroke-width: 2;
      stroke-linecap: round;
      stroke-linejoin: round;
      stroke-dasharray: 24;
      stroke-dashoffset: 24;
      transition: stroke-dashoffset 150ms linear;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>
  <ul class="mdc-list">
    <li class="mdc-list-item">
      <span class="mdc-list-item__ripple"></span>
      <span class="mdc-list-item__text">选项1</span>
      <div class="mdc-checkbox">
        <input type="checkbox" class="mdc-checkbox__native-control" id="checkbox-1" />
        <div class="mdc-checkbox__background">
          <svg class="mdc-checkbox__checkmark" viewBox="0 0 24 24">
            <path class="mdc-checkbox__checkmark__path" fill="none" d="M1.73,12.91 8.1,19.28 22.79,4.59" />
          </svg>
          <div class="mdc-checkbox__mixedmark"></div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </li>
    <li class="mdc-list-item">
      <span class="mdc-list-item__ripple"></span>
      <span class="mdc-list-item__text">选项2</span>
      <div class="mdc-checkbox">
        <input type="checkbox" class="mdc-checkbox__native-control" id="checkbox-2" />
        <div class="mdc-checkbox__background">
          <svg class="mdc-checkbox__checkmark" viewBox="0 0 24 24">
            <path class="mdc-checkbox__checkmark__path" fill="none" d="M1.73,12.91 8.1,19.28 22.79,4.59" />
          </svg>
          <div class="mdc-checkbox__mixedmark"></div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </li>
    <li class="mdc-list-item">
      <span class="mdc-list-item__ripple"></span>
      <span class="mdc-list-item__text">选项3</span>
      <div class="mdc-checkbox">
        <input type="checkbox" class="mdc-checkbox__native-control" id="checkbox-3" />
        <div class="mdc-checkbox__background">
          <svg class="mdc-checkbox__checkmark" viewBox="0 0 24 24">
            <path class="mdc-checkbox__checkmark__path" fill="none" d="M1.73,12.91 8.1,19.28 22.79,4.59" />
          </svg>
          <div class="mdc-checkbox__mixedmark"></div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </li>
  </ul>
  <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@material/ripple@3.2.0/dist/mdc.ripple.min.js"></script>
  <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@material/list@3.2.0/dist/mdc.list.min.js"></script>
  <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@material/checkbox@3.2.0/dist/mdc.checkbox.min.js"></script>
  <script>
    const checkboxes = document.querySelectorAll('.mdc-checkbox__native-control');

    for (let i = 0; i < checkboxes.length; i++) {
      checkboxes[i].addEventListener('change', function(event) {
        const listItem = event.target.closest('.mdc-list-item');
        listItem.classList.toggle('mdc-list-item--selected');
      });
    }

    mdc.ripple.MDCRipple.attachTo(document.querySelector('.mdc-list-item__ripple'));
    mdc.checkbox.MDCCheckbox.attachTo(document.querySelector('.mdc-checkbox'));
  </script>
</body>
</html>

总结

本文介绍了如何使用 Material Design 实现复选框列表，包括 HTML、CSS 和 JavaScript 的实现细节。同时，本文提供了示例代码，供读者参考。通过本文的学习，读者可以了解到 Material Design 的设计理念和样式，以及如何使用 JavaScript 实现复选框列表的交互功能。

来源：JavaScript中文网 ，转载请注明来源 本文地址：https://www.javascriptcn.com/post/656a80ebd2f5e1655d2e8e55