在前端开发中,日历组件是非常常用的一个组件,它能够帮助我们快速实现日期选择、日程安排等功能。而在 React 中,我们可以使用 Material Design Lite(MDL)来快速实现一个漂亮而且功能强大的日历组件。
Material Design Lite 简介
Material Design Lite 是 Google 推出的一套遵循 Material Design 设计风格的前端框架,它基于 HTML、CSS 和 JavaScript,提供了一系列 UI 组件和样式,可以帮助我们快速构建漂亮的界面。
Material Design Lite 的特点包括:
- 遵循 Material Design 设计风格,具有现代感和美观性;
- 功能强大,提供了丰富的 UI 组件和样式;
- 轻量级,可以快速加载和渲染。
实现基于 React 的日历组件
在本文中,我们将使用 Material Design Lite 来实现一个基于 React 的日历组件。该组件可以显示当前月份的日历,支持点击每一天来选择日期,并且可以切换上一个月或下一个月的日历。
安装 Material Design Lite
首先,我们需要安装 Material Design Lite。可以通过 npm 来安装:
npm install material-design-lite --save
在 React 中使用 Material Design Lite,需要在组件中引入 CSS 和 JavaScript 文件:
import 'material-design-lite/dist/material.min.css'; import 'material-design-lite/dist/material.min.js';
实现日历组件
接下来,我们开始实现日历组件。首先,我们需要定义一个名为 Calendar
的组件,并在该组件中定义 state
,用于保存当前选中的日期和当前显示的月份。同时,我们还需要定义一些辅助方法,用于计算上一个月和下一个月的日期等。
// javascriptcn.com 代码示例 import React, { Component } from 'react'; import 'material-design-lite/dist/material.min.css'; import 'material-design-lite/dist/material.min.js'; class Calendar extends Component { constructor(props) { super(props); const today = new Date(); this.state = { selectedDate: today, currentMonth: today.getMonth(), currentYear: today.getFullYear(), }; this.weekdays = ['Sun', 'Mon', 'Tue', 'Wed', 'Thu', 'Fri', 'Sat']; } getDaysInMonth = (year, month) => { return new Date(year, month + 1, 0).getDate(); }; getFirstDayOfMonth = (year, month) => { return new Date(year, month, 1).getDay(); }; getLastDayOfMonth = (year, month) => { return new Date(year, month + 1, 0).getDay(); }; getDaysInPreviousMonth = (year, month) => { return new Date(year, month, 0).getDate(); }; getPreviousMonth = () => { let year = this.state.currentYear; let month = this.state.currentMonth - 1; if (month < 0) { year--; month = 11; } return { year, month }; }; getNextMonth = () => { let year = this.state.currentYear; let month = this.state.currentMonth + 1; if (month > 11) { year++; month = 0; } return { year, month }; }; render() { // TODO: 实现日历组件的渲染逻辑 } }
在上面的代码中,我们定义了 getDaysInMonth
、getFirstDayOfMonth
、getLastDayOfMonth
、getDaysInPreviousMonth
、getPreviousMonth
和 getNextMonth
这几个方法,用于计算日历中的日期。
接下来,我们需要在 render
方法中实现日历组件的渲染逻辑。具体来说,我们需要渲染出当前月份的日历表格,并在表格中显示每一天的日期。
// javascriptcn.com 代码示例 render() { const daysInMonth = this.getDaysInMonth(this.state.currentYear, this.state.currentMonth); const firstDayOfMonth = this.getFirstDayOfMonth(this.state.currentYear, this.state.currentMonth); const lastDayOfMonth = this.getLastDayOfMonth(this.state.currentYear, this.state.currentMonth); const daysInPreviousMonth = this.getDaysInPreviousMonth(this.state.currentYear, this.state.currentMonth - 1); const { year: prevYear, month: prevMonth } = this.getPreviousMonth(); const { year: nextYear, month: nextMonth } = this.getNextMonth(); // 渲染日历表格 const tableRows = []; let tableCells = []; for (let i = 0; i < this.weekdays.length; i++) { tableCells.push(<th key={i}>{this.weekdays[i]}</th>); } tableRows.push(<tr key="header">{tableCells}</tr>); tableCells = []; let day = 1; for (let i = 0; i < firstDayOfMonth; i++) { const date = new Date(prevYear, prevMonth, daysInPreviousMonth - firstDayOfMonth + i + 1); tableCells.push( <td key={i} className="mdl-data-table__cell--non-numeric mdl-color--grey-100"> <div className="mdl-button mdl-js-button mdl-button--icon"> <i className="material-icons">more_horiz</i> </div> <div className="mdl-calendar__date mdl-typography--caption">{date.getDate()}</div> </td> ); } for (let i = 0; i < daysInMonth; i++) { const date = new Date(this.state.currentYear, this.state.currentMonth, day); const isSelected = this.state.selectedDate.getFullYear() === this.state.currentYear && this.state.selectedDate.getMonth() === this.state.currentMonth && this.state.selectedDate.getDate() === day; tableCells.push( <td key={i + firstDayOfMonth} className={`mdl-data-table__cell--non-numeric ${isSelected ? 'mdl-color--accent' : ''}`} onClick={() => this.setState({ selectedDate: date })}> <div className="mdl-calendar__date">{day}</div> </td> ); if ((i + firstDayOfMonth + 1) % 7 === 0) { tableRows.push(<tr key={day}>{tableCells}</tr>); tableCells = []; } day++; } for (let i = 0; i < 6 - lastDayOfMonth; i++) { const date = new Date(nextYear, nextMonth, i + 1); tableCells.push( <td key={i + firstDayOfMonth + daysInMonth} className="mdl-data-table__cell--non-numeric mdl-color--grey-100"> <div className="mdl-button mdl-js-button mdl-button--icon"> <i className="material-icons">more_horiz</i> </div> <div className="mdl-calendar__date mdl-typography--caption">{date.getDate()}</div> </td> ); } tableRows.push(<tr key={day}>{tableCells}</tr>); return ( <div className="mdl-calendar mdl-typography"> <div className="mdl-calendar__header"> <button className="mdl-button mdl-js-button mdl-button--icon" onClick={() => this.setState(this.getPreviousMonth())}> <i className="material-icons">chevron_left</i> </button> <span>{`${this.state.currentYear}/${this.state.currentMonth + 1}`}</span> <button className="mdl-button mdl-js-button mdl-button--icon" onClick={() => this.setState(this.getNextMonth())}> <i className="material-icons">chevron_right</i> </button> </div> <table className="mdl-data-table mdl-js-data-table mdl-shadow--2dp"> <tbody>{tableRows}</tbody> </table> </div> ); }
在上面的代码中,我们首先计算出当前月份的天数、第一天是星期几、最后一天是星期几、上一个月的天数以及上一个月和下一个月的年份和月份。然后,我们根据这些信息来渲染日历表格。
在表格中,我们使用 td
元素来显示每一天的日期。对于当前月份的日期,我们使用 mdl-color--accent
样式来标记选中的日期,同时在点击日期时更新 selectedDate
状态。对于上一个月和下一个月的日期,我们使用 mdl-color--grey-100
样式来标记。
最后,在日历表格的上方,我们添加了一个标题栏,用于显示当前年份和月份,并添加了左右箭头,用于切换上一个月和下一个月的日历。
示例代码
下面是完整的示例代码:
// javascriptcn.com 代码示例 import React, { Component } from 'react'; import 'material-design-lite/dist/material.min.css'; import 'material-design-lite/dist/material.min.js'; class Calendar extends Component { constructor(props) { super(props); const today = new Date(); this.state = { selectedDate: today, currentMonth: today.getMonth(), currentYear: today.getFullYear(), }; this.weekdays = ['Sun', 'Mon', 'Tue', 'Wed', 'Thu', 'Fri', 'Sat']; } getDaysInMonth = (year, month) => { return new Date(year, month + 1, 0).getDate(); }; getFirstDayOfMonth = (year, month) => { return new Date(year, month, 1).getDay(); }; getLastDayOfMonth = (year, month) => { return new Date(year, month + 1, 0).getDay(); }; getDaysInPreviousMonth = (year, month) => { return new Date(year, month, 0).getDate(); }; getPreviousMonth = () => { let year = this.state.currentYear; let month = this.state.currentMonth - 1; if (month < 0) { year--; month = 11; } return { year, month }; }; getNextMonth = () => { let year = this.state.currentYear; let month = this.state.currentMonth + 1; if (month > 11) { year++; month = 0; } return { year, month }; }; render() { const daysInMonth = this.getDaysInMonth(this.state.currentYear, this.state.currentMonth); const firstDayOfMonth = this.getFirstDayOfMonth(this.state.currentYear, this.state.currentMonth); const lastDayOfMonth = this.getLastDayOfMonth(this.state.currentYear, this.state.currentMonth); const daysInPreviousMonth = this.getDaysInPreviousMonth(this.state.currentYear, this.state.currentMonth - 1); const { year: prevYear, month: prevMonth } = this.getPreviousMonth(); const { year: nextYear, month: nextMonth } = this.getNextMonth(); // 渲染日历表格 const tableRows = []; let tableCells = []; for (let i = 0; i < this.weekdays.length; i++) { tableCells.push(<th key={i}>{this.weekdays[i]}</th>); } tableRows.push(<tr key="header">{tableCells}</tr>); tableCells = []; let day = 1; for (let i = 0; i < firstDayOfMonth; i++) { const date = new Date(prevYear, prevMonth, daysInPreviousMonth - firstDayOfMonth + i + 1); tableCells.push( <td key={i} className="mdl-data-table__cell--non-numeric mdl-color--grey-100"> <div className="mdl-button mdl-js-button mdl-button--icon"> <i className="material-icons">more_horiz</i> </div> <div className="mdl-calendar__date mdl-typography--caption">{date.getDate()}</div> </td> ); } for (let i = 0; i < daysInMonth; i++) { const date = new Date(this.state.currentYear, this.state.currentMonth, day); const isSelected = this.state.selectedDate.getFullYear() === this.state.currentYear && this.state.selectedDate.getMonth() === this.state.currentMonth && this.state.selectedDate.getDate() === day; tableCells.push( <td key={i + firstDayOfMonth} className={`mdl-data-table__cell--non-numeric ${isSelected ? 'mdl-color--accent' : ''}`} onClick={() => this.setState({ selectedDate: date })}> <div className="mdl-calendar__date">{day}</div> </td> ); if ((i + firstDayOfMonth + 1) % 7 === 0) { tableRows.push(<tr key={day}>{tableCells}</tr>); tableCells = []; } day++; } for (let i = 0; i < 6 - lastDayOfMonth; i++) { const date = new Date(nextYear, nextMonth, i + 1); tableCells.push( <td key={i + firstDayOfMonth + daysInMonth} className="mdl-data-table__cell--non-numeric mdl-color--grey-100"> <div className="mdl-button mdl-js-button mdl-button--icon"> <i className="material-icons">more_horiz</i> </div> <div className="mdl-calendar__date mdl-typography--caption">{date.getDate()}</div> </td> ); } tableRows.push(<tr key={day}>{tableCells}</tr>); return ( <div className="mdl-calendar mdl-typography"> <div className="mdl-calendar__header"> <button className="mdl-button mdl-js-button mdl-button--icon" onClick={() => this.setState(this.getPreviousMonth())}> <i className="material-icons">chevron_left</i> </button> <span>{`${this.state.currentYear}/${this.state.currentMonth + 1}`}</span> <button className="mdl-button mdl-js-button mdl-button--icon" onClick={() => this.setState(this.getNextMonth())}> <i className="material-icons">chevron_right</i> </button> </div> <table className="mdl-data-table mdl-js-data-table mdl-shadow--2dp"> <tbody>{tableRows}</tbody> </table> </div> ); } } export default Calendar;
总结
在本文中,我们介绍了如何使用 Material Design Lite 快速实现一个基于 React 的日历组件。通过实现这个组件,我们学习了如何使用 Material Design Lite 提供的 UI 组件和样式,以及如何在 React 中实现一个复杂的组件。希望本文能够对你有所帮助,也欢迎大家在评论区留言交流。
来源:JavaScript中文网 ,转载请注明来源 本文地址:https://www.javascriptcn.com/post/658787beeb4cecbf2dcc3491