前言
随着云计算技术的发展,Serverless 架构越来越受到开发者的青睐。相比于传统的基于服务器的架构,Serverless 架构具有更高的可扩展性、更低的成本和更好的性能。在 Serverless 架构中,API Gateway 是非常重要的一个组件,用于管理和路由请求。本文将介绍如何在 Serverless 框架下使用 API Gateway 进行流控。
什么是流控?
流控(Rate Limiting)是一种限制客户端请求频率的技术。在高并发的场景下,如果没有流控,客户端可能会发送大量请求,导致服务器过载,甚至崩溃。流控可以限制客户端请求的频率,从而保护服务器的稳定性和安全性。
Serverless 框架下的 API Gateway 流控
在 Serverless 架构下,API Gateway 是用于管理和路由请求的重要组件。API Gateway 可以通过配置限流(Rate Limiting)策略来限制客户端请求的频率。API Gateway 提供了两种限流策略:基于 IP 地址的限流和基于令牌桶算法的限流。
基于 IP 地址的限流
基于 IP 地址的限流是一种简单的限流策略,它可以限制每个 IP 地址的请求频率。在 API Gateway 中,可以通过配置防火墙规则来实现基于 IP 地址的限流。下面是一个基于 IP 地址的限流的示例代码:
resources: Resources: ApiGatewayRestApi: Type: AWS::ApiGateway::RestApi Properties: Name: MyRestApi EndpointConfiguration: Types: - REGIONAL ApiGatewayResource: Type: AWS::ApiGateway::Resource Properties: RestApiId: !Ref ApiGatewayRestApi ParentId: !GetAtt ApiGatewayRestApi.RootResourceId PathPart: my-resource ApiGatewayMethod: Type: AWS::ApiGateway::Method Properties: RestApiId: !Ref ApiGatewayRestApi ResourceId: !Ref ApiGatewayResource HttpMethod: GET AuthorizationType: NONE Integration: Type: AWS_PROXY Uri: arn:aws:apigateway:us-east-1:lambda:path/2015-03-31/functions/arn:aws:lambda:us-east-1:123456789:function:MyLambdaFunction/invocations MethodResponses: - StatusCode: 200 RequestParameters: method.request.header.X-Forwarded-For: true ApiGatewayStage: Type: AWS::ApiGateway::Stage Properties: RestApiId: !Ref ApiGatewayRestApi StageName: prod DeploymentId: !Ref ApiGatewayDeployment MethodSettings: - ResourcePath: /my-resource HttpMethod: GET ThrottlingBurstLimit: 10 ThrottlingRateLimit: 5 AccessLogSetting: DestinationArn: !GetAtt ApiGatewayAccessLogRole.Arn Format: '$context.identity.sourceIp - - [$context.requestTime] "$context.httpMethod $context.resourcePath $context.protocol" $context.status $context.responseLength $context.requestId' ApiGatewayAccessLogRole: Type: AWS::IAM::Role Properties: RoleName: ApiGatewayAccessLogRole AssumeRolePolicyDocument: Version: '2012-10-17' Statement: - Effect: Allow Principal: Service: apigateway.amazonaws.com Action: sts:AssumeRole Policies: - PolicyName: ApiGatewayAccessLogPolicy PolicyDocument: Version: '2012-10-17' Statement: - Effect: Allow Action: - logs:CreateLogGroup - logs:CreateLogStream - logs:PutLogEvents Resource: arn:aws:logs:*:*:log-group:/aws/api-gateway/MyRestApi/prod
在上述示例代码中,我们定义了一个基于 IP 地址的限流策略。具体来说,我们在 API Gateway 的防火墙规则中配置了每秒最多允许 5 个请求,并且每秒最多允许 10 个请求突发。这意味着每个 IP 地址每秒最多只能发送 5 个请求,并且在短时间内可以突发发送 10 个请求。
基于令牌桶算法的限流
基于令牌桶算法的限流是一种更加灵活和精确的限流策略。在 API Gateway 中,可以通过配置配额(Quota)和速率(Rate)来实现基于令牌桶算法的限流。下面是一个基于令牌桶算法的限流的示例代码:
resources: Resources: ApiGatewayRestApi: Type: AWS::ApiGateway::RestApi Properties: Name: MyRestApi EndpointConfiguration: Types: - REGIONAL ApiGatewayResource: Type: AWS::ApiGateway::Resource Properties: RestApiId: !Ref ApiGatewayRestApi ParentId: !GetAtt ApiGatewayRestApi.RootResourceId PathPart: my-resource ApiGatewayMethod: Type: AWS::ApiGateway::Method Properties: RestApiId: !Ref ApiGatewayRestApi ResourceId: !Ref ApiGatewayResource HttpMethod: GET AuthorizationType: NONE Integration: Type: AWS_PROXY Uri: arn:aws:apigateway:us-east-1:lambda:path/2015-03-31/functions/arn:aws:lambda:us-east-1:123456789:function:MyLambdaFunction/invocations MethodResponses: - StatusCode: 200 RequestParameters: method.request.header.X-Forwarded-For: true ApiGatewayStage: Type: AWS::ApiGateway::Stage Properties: RestApiId: !Ref ApiGatewayRestApi StageName: prod DeploymentId: !Ref ApiGatewayDeployment MethodSettings: - ResourcePath: /my-resource HttpMethod: GET ThrottlingBurstLimit: 10 ThrottlingRateLimit: 5 MetricsEnabled: true LoggingLevel: INFO DataTraceEnabled: true CachingEnabled: true CacheTtlInSeconds: 3600 AccessLogSetting: DestinationArn: !GetAtt ApiGatewayAccessLogRole.Arn Format: '$context.identity.sourceIp - - [$context.requestTime] "$context.httpMethod $context.resourcePath $context.protocol" $context.status $context.responseLength $context.requestId' ApiGatewayAccessLogRole: Type: AWS::IAM::Role Properties: RoleName: ApiGatewayAccessLogRole AssumeRolePolicyDocument: Version: '2012-10-17' Statement: - Effect: Allow Principal: Service: apigateway.amazonaws.com Action: sts:AssumeRole Policies: - PolicyName: ApiGatewayAccessLogPolicy PolicyDocument: Version: '2012-10-17' Statement: - Effect: Allow Action: - logs:CreateLogGroup - logs:CreateLogStream - logs:PutLogEvents Resource: arn:aws:logs:*:*:log-group:/aws/api-gateway/MyRestApi/prod
在上述示例代码中,我们定义了一个基于令牌桶算法的限流策略。具体来说,我们在 API Gateway 的配额和速率中配置了每秒最多允许 5 个请求,并且每秒最多允许 10 个请求突发。这意味着每个客户端每秒最多只能发送 5 个请求,并且在短时间内可以突发发送 10 个请求。此外,我们还开启了 API Gateway 的日志记录和缓存功能。
总结
本文介绍了在 Serverless 框架下使用 API Gateway 进行流控的方法。具体来说,我们介绍了基于 IP 地址的限流和基于令牌桶算法的限流两种策略,并给出了相应的示例代码。通过使用 API Gateway 进行流控,我们可以保护服务器的稳定性和安全性,提高系统的可用性和性能。
来源:JavaScript中文网 ,转载请注明来源 本文地址:https://www.javascriptcn.com/post/65891727eb4cecbf2de48f4e