Serverless 框架下如何使用 API Gateway 进行流控

前言

随着云计算技术的发展,Serverless 架构越来越受到开发者的青睐。相比于传统的基于服务器的架构,Serverless 架构具有更高的可扩展性、更低的成本和更好的性能。在 Serverless 架构中,API Gateway 是非常重要的一个组件,用于管理和路由请求。本文将介绍如何在 Serverless 框架下使用 API Gateway 进行流控。

什么是流控?

流控(Rate Limiting)是一种限制客户端请求频率的技术。在高并发的场景下,如果没有流控,客户端可能会发送大量请求,导致服务器过载,甚至崩溃。流控可以限制客户端请求的频率,从而保护服务器的稳定性和安全性。

Serverless 框架下的 API Gateway 流控

在 Serverless 架构下,API Gateway 是用于管理和路由请求的重要组件。API Gateway 可以通过配置限流(Rate Limiting)策略来限制客户端请求的频率。API Gateway 提供了两种限流策略:基于 IP 地址的限流和基于令牌桶算法的限流。

基于 IP 地址的限流

基于 IP 地址的限流是一种简单的限流策略,它可以限制每个 IP 地址的请求频率。在 API Gateway 中,可以通过配置防火墙规则来实现基于 IP 地址的限流。下面是一个基于 IP 地址的限流的示例代码:

resources:
  Resources:
    ApiGatewayRestApi:
      Type: AWS::ApiGateway::RestApi
      Properties:
        Name: MyRestApi
        EndpointConfiguration:
          Types:
            - REGIONAL
    ApiGatewayResource:
      Type: AWS::ApiGateway::Resource
      Properties:
        RestApiId: !Ref ApiGatewayRestApi
        ParentId: !GetAtt ApiGatewayRestApi.RootResourceId
        PathPart: my-resource
    ApiGatewayMethod:
      Type: AWS::ApiGateway::Method
      Properties:
        RestApiId: !Ref ApiGatewayRestApi
        ResourceId: !Ref ApiGatewayResource
        HttpMethod: GET
        AuthorizationType: NONE
        Integration:
          Type: AWS_PROXY
          Uri: arn:aws:apigateway:us-east-1:lambda:path/2015-03-31/functions/arn:aws:lambda:us-east-1:123456789:function:MyLambdaFunction/invocations
        MethodResponses:
          - StatusCode: 200
        RequestParameters:
          method.request.header.X-Forwarded-For: true
    ApiGatewayStage:
      Type: AWS::ApiGateway::Stage
      Properties:
        RestApiId: !Ref ApiGatewayRestApi
        StageName: prod
        DeploymentId: !Ref ApiGatewayDeployment
        MethodSettings:
          - ResourcePath: /my-resource
            HttpMethod: GET
            ThrottlingBurstLimit: 10
            ThrottlingRateLimit: 5
        AccessLogSetting:
          DestinationArn: !GetAtt ApiGatewayAccessLogRole.Arn
          Format: '$context.identity.sourceIp - - [$context.requestTime] "$context.httpMethod $context.resourcePath $context.protocol" $context.status $context.responseLength $context.requestId'
    ApiGatewayAccessLogRole:
      Type: AWS::IAM::Role
      Properties:
        RoleName: ApiGatewayAccessLogRole
        AssumeRolePolicyDocument:
          Version: '2012-10-17'
          Statement:
            - Effect: Allow
              Principal:
                Service: apigateway.amazonaws.com
              Action: sts:AssumeRole
        Policies:
          - PolicyName: ApiGatewayAccessLogPolicy
            PolicyDocument:
              Version: '2012-10-17'
              Statement:
                - Effect: Allow
                  Action:
                    - logs:CreateLogGroup
                    - logs:CreateLogStream
                    - logs:PutLogEvents
                  Resource: arn:aws:logs:*:*:log-group:/aws/api-gateway/MyRestApi/prod

在上述示例代码中,我们定义了一个基于 IP 地址的限流策略。具体来说,我们在 API Gateway 的防火墙规则中配置了每秒最多允许 5 个请求,并且每秒最多允许 10 个请求突发。这意味着每个 IP 地址每秒最多只能发送 5 个请求,并且在短时间内可以突发发送 10 个请求。

基于令牌桶算法的限流

基于令牌桶算法的限流是一种更加灵活和精确的限流策略。在 API Gateway 中,可以通过配置配额(Quota)和速率(Rate)来实现基于令牌桶算法的限流。下面是一个基于令牌桶算法的限流的示例代码:

resources:
  Resources:
    ApiGatewayRestApi:
      Type: AWS::ApiGateway::RestApi
      Properties:
        Name: MyRestApi
        EndpointConfiguration:
          Types:
            - REGIONAL
    ApiGatewayResource:
      Type: AWS::ApiGateway::Resource
      Properties:
        RestApiId: !Ref ApiGatewayRestApi
        ParentId: !GetAtt ApiGatewayRestApi.RootResourceId
        PathPart: my-resource
    ApiGatewayMethod:
      Type: AWS::ApiGateway::Method
      Properties:
        RestApiId: !Ref ApiGatewayRestApi
        ResourceId: !Ref ApiGatewayResource
        HttpMethod: GET
        AuthorizationType: NONE
        Integration:
          Type: AWS_PROXY
          Uri: arn:aws:apigateway:us-east-1:lambda:path/2015-03-31/functions/arn:aws:lambda:us-east-1:123456789:function:MyLambdaFunction/invocations
        MethodResponses:
          - StatusCode: 200
        RequestParameters:
          method.request.header.X-Forwarded-For: true
    ApiGatewayStage:
      Type: AWS::ApiGateway::Stage
      Properties:
        RestApiId: !Ref ApiGatewayRestApi
        StageName: prod
        DeploymentId: !Ref ApiGatewayDeployment
        MethodSettings:
          - ResourcePath: /my-resource
            HttpMethod: GET
            ThrottlingBurstLimit: 10
            ThrottlingRateLimit: 5
            MetricsEnabled: true
            LoggingLevel: INFO
            DataTraceEnabled: true
            CachingEnabled: true
            CacheTtlInSeconds: 3600
        AccessLogSetting:
          DestinationArn: !GetAtt ApiGatewayAccessLogRole.Arn
          Format: '$context.identity.sourceIp - - [$context.requestTime] "$context.httpMethod $context.resourcePath $context.protocol" $context.status $context.responseLength $context.requestId'
    ApiGatewayAccessLogRole:
      Type: AWS::IAM::Role
      Properties:
        RoleName: ApiGatewayAccessLogRole
        AssumeRolePolicyDocument:
          Version: '2012-10-17'
          Statement:
            - Effect: Allow
              Principal:
                Service: apigateway.amazonaws.com
              Action: sts:AssumeRole
        Policies:
          - PolicyName: ApiGatewayAccessLogPolicy
            PolicyDocument:
              Version: '2012-10-17'
              Statement:
                - Effect: Allow
                  Action:
                    - logs:CreateLogGroup
                    - logs:CreateLogStream
                    - logs:PutLogEvents
                  Resource: arn:aws:logs:*:*:log-group:/aws/api-gateway/MyRestApi/prod

在上述示例代码中,我们定义了一个基于令牌桶算法的限流策略。具体来说,我们在 API Gateway 的配额和速率中配置了每秒最多允许 5 个请求,并且每秒最多允许 10 个请求突发。这意味着每个客户端每秒最多只能发送 5 个请求,并且在短时间内可以突发发送 10 个请求。此外,我们还开启了 API Gateway 的日志记录和缓存功能。

总结

本文介绍了在 Serverless 框架下使用 API Gateway 进行流控的方法。具体来说,我们介绍了基于 IP 地址的限流和基于令牌桶算法的限流两种策略,并给出了相应的示例代码。通过使用 API Gateway 进行流控,我们可以保护服务器的稳定性和安全性,提高系统的可用性和性能。

来源:JavaScript中文网 ,转载请注明来源 本文地址:https://www.javascriptcn.com/post/65891727eb4cecbf2de48f4e


纠错
反馈