随着应用程序的复杂性和规模的增长,使用 Kubernetes 进行应用部署和管理已成为一种趋势。在 Kubernetes 集群中,事件驱动控制器是一种重要的机制,它可以将容器环境中发生的任何变化(例如 Pod 的启动、删除、失败)转换为事件,并在该事件发生时自动执行相应的操作。这篇文章将介绍 Kubernetes 中的事件驱动控制器,包括它的原理、使用方法以及示例代码。
原理
Kubernetes 中的事件驱动控制器是由一个称为 controller-runtime 的开源项目提供的库。该库可以监视 Kubernetes API 中的资源对象并在发生变化时采取行动。它使用 Kubernetes 中的 Informer 和 Lister 机制来监视资源对象的状态变化,并使用自定义的逻辑来响应这些变化。
控制器的原理是基于反应式编程(Reactive Programming)。反应式编程是一种针对异步数据流的编程范式,它将数据流视为一个事件序列,通过定义监听事件和响应事件的处理逻辑来实现软件系统的可靠性、稳定性和可扩展性。在 Kubernetes 中,事件驱动控制器就是一个响应式编程的实例。
使用方法
要使用事件驱动控制器,需要定义一个控制器并使用该控制器来观察和响应 Kubernetes 资源对象的状态变化。具体步骤如下:
- 定义控制器对象和所需要监视的资源对象的类型。
//定义一个新的控制器 type MyController struct { Logger logr.Logger // 定义客户端和 scheme Client client.Client Scheme *runtime.Scheme // 定义需要监视的资源对象:Pod PodInformer coreinformers.PodInformer // 定义实现核心逻辑的处理方法 EventHandler func(obj interface{}) } // 为 MyController 实现一个新的 Reconciler 接口来控制 Pod 对象 func (c *MyController) Reconcile(ctx context.Context, req ctrl.Request) (ctrl.Result, error) { pod := &corev1.Pod{} if err := c.Client.Get(ctx, req.NamespacedName, pod); err != nil { // 无法找到 Pod,返回不可恢复的错误 return ctrl.Result{}, client.IgnoreNotFound(err) } c.EventHandler(pod) return ctrl.Result{}, nil }
- 创建控制器并获取监视对象
// 创建控制器 myController := &MyController{ Logger: log.WithName("MyController"), Client: mgr.GetClient(), Scheme: mgr.GetScheme(), } // 创建(instantiate)一个新的客户端(informer)来监视Pod的创建和更新 myController.PodInformer = coreinformers.NewFilteredPodInformer( mgr.GetClient(), metav1.NamespaceAll, 0, cache.Indexers{}, )
- 将控制器与资源对象相结合
// 将事件处理程序绑定到控制器上的处理方法中 myController.EventHandler = func(obj interface{}) { // 处理 Pod 对象的更新事件 }
- 启动事件处理
// 启动事件处理 if err := mgr.Add(myController); err != nil { panic(fmt.Sprintf("Failed to start controller: %v", err)) } // Block until the controller is stopped <-stop
示例代码
在此我们演示一个基于 Kubernetes 事件驱动控制器实现的示例代码,该示例在容器环境中运行的 Pod 数量超出预配置容量时将自动调整 Pod 总数以适应当前负载。
package main import ( "context" "flag" "fmt" "math" "math/rand" "os" "time" corev1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1" metaV1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1" "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/types" "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/wait" "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes" "k8s.io/client-go/rest" "k8s.io/client-go/tools/cache" "k8s.io/client-go/util/workqueue" "k8s.io/klog" "github.com/kubernetes-sigs/controller-runtime/pkg/client/config" ctrl "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime" "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/client" "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/client/apiutil" "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/client/config/clientset/versioned" ctrllog "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/log" ctrlmgr "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/manager" ) var ( log = ctrllog.Log.WithName("controller") podSelector = metaV1.ListOptions{ LabelSelector: "app=myapp", } podNamespacedName = types.NamespacedName{} updateInterval = flag.Duration("update-interval", time.Minute, "Interval for resyncing pods") ) func init() { rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano()) } func main() { flag.Parse() // Create a new REST client to access the Kubernetes API server. cfg, err := config.GetConfig() if err != nil { panic(err) } client, err := kubernetes.NewForConfig(cfg) if err != nil { panic(err) } // Get the namespace in which to run the controller. namespace, ok := os.LookupEnv("MY_NAMESPACE") if !ok { namespace = "default" } // Determine the API version and resource type of the Pod objects. kind := "Deployment" plural := "deployments" groupVersion, err := apiutil.GuessGroupVersion(client.Discovery()) if err != nil { panic(err) } gvk := groupVersion.WithKind(kind) // Create a new dynamic client to access the API server. clientSet, err := versioned.NewForConfig(cfg) if err != nil { panic(err) } dynamicClient := clientSet.Dynamic() // Create a new controller manager and set up informers for Pods and Deployments. mgr, err := ctrlmgr.New(cfg, ctrlmgr.Options{ Scheme: apiutil.NewScheme(), MetricsBindAddress: "0", Port: 9443, LeaderElection: false, Namespace: namespace, }) if err != nil { panic(err) } // Create a new workqueue to hold the Pods that need to be updated. queue := workqueue.NewRateLimitingQueue(workqueue.DefaultControllerRateLimiter()) // Define a closure that will update the number of replicas in the Deployment. update := func(ctx context.Context, deployment client.Object) error { // Fetch the list of Pods. podList, err := client.CoreV1().Pods(namespace).List(ctx, podSelector) if err != nil { return err } // Calculate the desired number of replicas. desiredReplicas := int(math.Ceil(float64(len(podList.Items)) / 10)) var replicas int32 replicas = int32(desiredReplicas) // Update the number of replicas in the Deployment. deployment.(*corev1.Pod).Spec.Containers.[0](ctx, &corev1.Pod{ Spec: corev1.DeploymentSpec{ Replicas: &replicas, }, }) klog.Infof("updated replicas to %d", replicas) return nil } // Define a new EventHandler to handle events for Pod objects. podHandlerFuncs := cache.ResourceEventHandlerFuncs{ AddFunc: func(obj interface{}) { if _, ok := obj.(*corev1.Pod); !ok { return } klog.Infof("pod added: %v", obj) queue.Add(obj) }, DeleteFunc: func(obj interface{}) { if _, ok := obj.(*corev1.Pod); !ok { return } klog.Infof("pod deleted: %v", obj) queue.Add(obj) }, } // Set up the informers for Pods and Deployments. podInformer := cache.NewSharedIndexInformer( cache.NewListWatchFromClient(client.CoreV1().RESTClient(), "pods", namespace, podSelector), &corev1.Pod{}, time.Duration(0), cache.Indexers{}, ) podInformer.AddEventHandler(podHandlerFuncs) deploymentInformer := cache.NewSharedIndexInformer( cache.NewListWatchFromClient(dynamicClient.Resource(gvk).Namespace(namespace), plural, namespace, nil), &corev1.Pod{}, time.Duration(0), cache.Indexers{}, ) // Start the informers for Pods and Deployments. go podInformer.Run(wait.NeverStop) go deploymentInformer.Run(wait.NeverStop) // Wait for the caches to fill up before starting the controller. klog.Infof("waiting for cache to sync") if !cache.WaitForCacheSync(wait.NeverStop, podInformer.HasSynced) { panic("failed to sync cache") } if !cache.WaitForCacheSync(wait.NeverStop, deploymentInformer.HasSynced) { panic("failed to sync cache") } klog.Infof("cache synced") // Define a closure that will handle new items from the workqueue. reconcilePod := func(obj interface{}) error { pod, ok := obj.(*corev1.Pod) if !ok { // The item in the queue is not a Pod object. return nil } klog.Infof("reconciling pod: %v/%v", pod.Namespace, pod.Name) // Try to get the Deployment object with the same name as the Pod. dep, err := dynamicClient.Resource(gvk).Namespace(namespace).Get(context.Background(), pod.Name, metaV1.GetOptions{}) if err != nil { return err } // Update the number of replicas in the Deployment. if err = update(context.Background(), dep); err != nil { return err } // The item has been processed and can be removed from the queue. queue.Forget(obj) return nil } // Start the controller. if err = ctrl.NewControllerManagedBy(mgr). For(&corev1.Pod{}). Complete(NewReconciler(client, reconcilePod, podInformer, queue)); err != nil { panic(err) } // Run forever. klog.Infof("starting manager") if err := mgr.Start(ctrl.SetupSignalHandler()); err != nil { panic(err) } } // NewReconciler returns a new Controller using the given parameters and adds the Controller // to the Manager. When NewReconciler is called, the caller is responsible for starting the Manager. func NewReconciler(client client.Client, reconcilePod func(obj interface{}) error, podInformer cache.SharedIndexInformer, queue workqueue.RateLimitingInterface) (ctrlmgr.Runnable, error) { return &ctrl.Controller{ Client: client, Queue: queue, Reconciler: ctrl.FuncHandler{Fn: reconcilePod}, }, nil }
总结
本篇文章介绍了 Kubernetes 中的事件驱动控制器,包括它的原理、使用方法以及示例代码。通过实践可以发现,使用事件驱动控制器能够提高应用程序的可靠性、稳定性和可扩展性,也为开发人员提供了更加灵活的方式来管理和监视 Kubernetes 中的资源对象。
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